![]() ![]() Later research indicates that magical thinking is also common in modern societies. In anthropology (the earliest research), the posited causality is between religious ritual, prayer, sacrifice, or the observance of a taboo, and an expected benefit or recompense. The precise definition of magical thinking may vary subtly when used by different theorists or among different fields of study. Unlike the confusion of correlation with causation, magical thinking does not require the events to be correlated. Magical thinking is a type of fallacious thinking and is a common source of invalid causal inferences. Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or that objects must be causally connected if they resemble each other or have come into contact with each other in the past. Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. ![]() For other uses, see Magical thinking (disambiguation).
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